1, the role of template works and the importance of

The concrete structure consists of three major types of engineering works: template engineering, steel engineering and concrete engineering.

Template engineering refers to the entire system that supports the pouring of concrete. The template structure is mainly composed of three parts: template, supporting structure and connecting element. The supporting structure is a temporary structure that supports the template, the concrete and the construction load to ensure that the template structure is firmly combined so that it is not deformed and does not damage. The connecting piece is a template and a supporting structure Connected to the whole of the accessories.

In the cast-in-place concrete structure project, the template engineering generally accounts for 20% ~ 30% of the construction cost of the concrete structure, accounting for 30% ~ 40% of the engineering workload, accounting for about 50% of the construction period. Template technology has an important impact on improving the quality of the project, speeding up the construction schedule, reducing the project cost and realizing the civilized construction.

In the construction technology, many high, difficult, large projects are mainly concentrated in the concrete structure of the project, and concrete engineering, the main technology and focus on the template project, the template technical problems solved, the project can go up, reflecting the template The leading role of technology.

In the quality of the project, the construction quality of the template directly affects the quality of the concrete works, such as the concrete structure of the Great Wall Cup, mainly looking at the quality of the concrete surface construction. Clear water concrete formwork construction must choose high-quality template, the use of this template can be completed a variety of decorative concrete surface and finishes the surface of the concrete, not only reduces the concrete surface wet work materials and labor costs, but also improve the structural engineering Grade.

Thus, the role of the template in the concrete works is very important.

2, China's current template level is extremely backward

Templates in accordance with the material, can be divided into wood templates, bamboo templates, steel formwork, plastic template, aluminum alloy template.

Before the 80s of last century, China's cast-in-place structural template mainly used wood, processed into wood, wooden side, and then combined.

The late 70s of last century, introduced from Japan to develop a combination of steel template, was in the country "to steel and wood" policy to promote the combination of steel template market share has reached more than 70%.

Since the 90s of last century, with the construction of high-rise buildings, many projects require made of water concrete. As a result of the combination of steel plate size is small, more sewing, it is difficult to adapt to the needs of construction, has gradually withdrawn from the market.

After 1996, Beijing began to promote the use of a large number of steel template.

Large steel plate flat surface, sewing less, the use of many times, to adapt to different board size requirements, the overall stiffness is good, with high strength and stability, demolition of the concrete wall after the formation of flat, straight, Smooth, as long as the thin scraping can be achieved decorative effect, greatly reducing the wet workload.

All steel large template mainly in Beijing and the surrounding, Xi'an, Chongqing and other cities have been applied.

Overall, the wood plywood template, bamboo plywood template and steel formwork now has a three pillar of the potential, plastic mold and aluminum alloy template in China has just entered the market.

In China's southern China, such as Changsha, Guangzhou, Wuhan, more than 90% are using wood plywood template and bamboo plywood template, rarely use steel formwork.

China's wood plywood and plywood plywood template, are using the saw, is now with, now fight, now support, now demolition and other manual operation based on the traditional construction methods, they are in the national template market share of more than 70% While in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong is more than 90%.

Small steel formwork and large steel formwork are from the original wood to the industrialization of the product, and a large number of plywood on-site hand-made, it is the process and technology back.

China has a larger construction market in the world, China's construction technology in the rapid development of today, China's template technology behind the very disproportionate.

At present, construction projects, construction equipment such as excavators, rollers, towers and so on have implemented a professional company leasing business, steel scaffolding basically realized a professional leasing business. The specialized division of labor in construction is becoming more and more fine.

Concrete structure works, concrete has been achieved commercialization and specialization, a professional company operating concrete mixing plant, concrete transport vehicles, concrete pumping. Reinforced engineering to achieve the special installation and processing, template construction specialization will also be the inevitable trend of development.

Specialized template construction must have specialized template tools. Templates must be tooled, assembled, to be lightweight, reusable, and form a complete system.

Wood plywood template is usually used about 5 times, bamboo plywood template used about 10 times to scrapped, only as a working material.

Steel form plate is heavy (46 ~ 80kg / m2), must rely on tower crane, steel template itself can not become a complete template system, can only do vertical wall, column, horizontal template (including doors and windows) generally need to use wood template. In addition, the use of steel template must also be poured twice, that is, first finished wall, column, then beam, plate A floor also divided into at least two sections of the water, otherwise the template will land.

Wood plywood template, bamboo plywood template simply can not be used as a professional tool for the template, steel formwork is also not an ideal tool for the template.

3, aluminum alloy template is the development direction of China template

3.1 aluminum alloy template is the ideal tool-type template, the conditions into the market has matured

Aluminum alloy template can form a complete system, you can once completed the construction of concrete structures such as walls, columns, beams, plates, balconies, bay windows, exterior trim lines and so on. Aluminum alloy template system with independent steel support, very simple, can replace the traditional wood template of the wooden side, support. Because the relative density of aluminum alloy material is steel 1/3, making the aluminum alloy template is very light, you can not use the tower crane, completely by the artificial transport.

Aluminum alloy formwork is now the most ideal instrumental template.

Aluminum formwork has been used internationally for many years and has been widely welcomed by the construction industry due to its many advantages.

As early as 1984, the second construction company in Beijing and Hong Kong Kai Enterprise Co., Ltd., the introduction of the United States Kangtai aluminum alloy template, built in Beijing, three high-rise and middle-level buildings. Premier Li Peng, Zhang Baifa after the inspection gave a full affirmation, and suggested that in Beijing, the first production and promotion of aluminum alloy template. Due to lower labor wages, and aluminum alloy template costs are too high, do not have the conditions of large-scale promotion.

In the construction workers, the wages of the template carpentry are higher than those of other types of workers. The past two years, with the increasingly scarce woodwork and the rapid rise in wages, the daily wage of 150 yuan or more, the construction price per square meter of the template to reach 40 yuan, which marks the aluminum alloy template into the market conditions are ripe, the initial The high investment of aluminum alloy template can save artificial, support, wood, so that the use of cost and wood template is generally flat, and through the use of repeated turnover to obtain good income.

Aluminum alloy template under normal circumstances up to 300 times the service life (there are companies that can be used 500 to 1000 times, which has a greater relationship between the operation of workers), about 60 times to recover the investment, in addition to about 30 % Of the material residual value.

Developed countries and regions because of the high wages, tools to take the template to save labor costs, and the formation of a professional template leasing company.

For example, in the Hong Kong area, the use of aluminum alloy template before the template workers (carpentry) on the daily wage of up to 1200 Hong Kong dollars, the use of aluminum alloy template, the workers wages down to 900 yuan, the workers completed the construction area every day more than doubled.

The practice tells us that China has always followed the road ahead of the developed countries and regions ten years ago and even decades ago. Western developed countries, Hong Kong, Macao, and even India, Malaysia, Korea, Brazil and Vietnam are in large numbers The use of aluminum alloy template, which also indicates that the aluminum template is the only way for the future development of our template.